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Showing posts with label coronavirus. Show all posts
Showing posts with label coronavirus. Show all posts

Wednesday, 31 March 2021

Joint BARAC UK and DPAC Press Statement; immediate release - Coronavirus ; end of shielding

 PRESS STATEMENT 
Disabled People Against the Cuts (DPAC) and Black Activists Rising Against Cuts (BARAC) UK


For immediate release 







From today  (31st March), disabled workers most at risk of catching and suffering long term impacts from Covid will have no legal protections against going into the workplace and putting their lives on the line as shielding comes to an end for those who are clinically extremely vulnerable.  

The majority of those shielding have not had the second vaccine and therefore they are still extremely vulnerable.

We believe it is irresponsible and discriminatory to intersectional disabled people to end shielding at this time and that those most at risk need protections in place. Recent research demonstrates that those with existing conditions such as asthma and diabetes are more likely to get long covid and that long covid is leading to increasing numbers of people becoming disabled as a result. Middle aged women are the  hardest hit by long covid. In addition black and minority ethnic people are disproportionately contracting covid. Six out of ten people dying from  covid have been disabled, according to ONS data. 

The coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated existing discrimination and inequalities which have been amplified through over a decade of austerity. It is unacceptable  for government to leave those most at risk unprotected and at risk of losing jobs. When disabled and black and minority  ethnic people lose their jobs, it takes longer for them to find a new job because of existing discrimination in the labour market.

A spokesperson from DPAC said: 
“The government has always prioritised profit above disabled people’s lives. They have calculated they can get away with this. Their scientific advisors have said there will be a third wave and at least another thirty thousand deaths. How many of those will be disabled workers? It is chilling to think what the motivations behind this could be.”

Zita Holbourne, National Chair of BARAC UK said:

"Black, Asian and minority ethnic people are  up to three times more likely to contract and die of coronavirus and are more likely to work in precarious work with worsened terms, conditions and extremely low pay. Many work in frontline jobs. Lifting protection for those who are shielding is likely to lead to more black workers placed at risk or losing their jobs if it is unsafe for them to travel to workplaces and worse still, more deaths. Long covid is devastating lives and there needs to be urgent action by government to protect the jobs of all those who have long covid to ensure their jobs are protected and that  there is no detriment to pay, pensions and benefits. The intersect between disability plus race, gender, sexual orientation and age cannot be ignored."

Ends

Contact:
BARAC UK
Zita Holbourne 
Tel.07711861660 

DPAC 
Paula Peters
07909594434

Thursday, 4 June 2020

BARAC UK Statement; Solidarity with the family of George Floyd - campaigning against racism and injustice


BARAC UK STATEMENT
Solidarity with the family of George Floyd, campaigning against racism and injustice, impact of coronavirus on black communities

June 2020






BARAC UK sends its deepest condolences to the family and friends of George Floyd and we stand in solidarity with all black people in the USA, UK and globally whose lived experience means that they have to challenge racism daily, from every day to systemic racism.

As a grassroots black led organisation, marking its ten year anniversary this month, we have consistently challenged the racism and injustice faced by black people in the UK, including economic and social impacts, workplace and labour market discrimination, the adverse impacts of austerity, institutional racism and in supporting families whose loved ones have died at the hands of the state and we know the anguish and distress that families go through in seeking justice within a judiciary system  that is systemically racist.

BARAC solidarity protest and march against deaths at the hands of the state
















We note that a wide range of organisations and institutions that have been silent throughout decades of struggle against racism have in recent days been issuing statements of solidarity, often using the #blacklivesmatter hashtag but we are also aware that many of these institutions do not have their own house in order with regards to  addressing under representation of black / BAME people in their workforce, the absence of black people on their boards, discrimination in recruitment, promotion, progression and  in appraisal systems and pay, not to mention unequal terms and conditions in two tier workforces.

We welcome their acts of solidarity, but we believe that solidarity needs to be more than symbolic and must be practical and that standing up to racism is more than just a hashtag. It takes determination and commitment and real actions which make a difference to peoples lives and that means that potential workers, existing workers, customers, clients and stakeholders who are black and minority ethnic must be treated with dignity, respect and equality by those organisations and that if they really believe that black lives matter then they cannot speak up one day of the year and be silent for the remaining 364 days.



In 2017 BARAC published a 2025 Vision for Race Equality paper and launched the campaign in the UK Parliament hosted by the former UK Shadow Chancellor, John McDonnell MP.  In this strategy paper we set out the state of race discrimination in the UK and the commitments required by government, politicians, cities, businesses, civil society and others to achieve race equality.  We stressed at the time that achieving race equality can only succeed if all these institutions and bodies take action, hold their hands up, examine their own failures and address them with penalties for any failure to meet targets and make year on year improvements.


Our message to all the organisations currently declaring their solidarity with the black lives matter movement, race equality campaigners and the family of George Floyd,  is that if they are truly serious about contributing to creating a society free of racism in all its forms then they need to get their own house in order and commit to action not just words and to consider the strategy we set out and declare their own plan to not just root out racism but to work towards achieving race equality.

It is not enough to be anti-racist, organisations and individuals  need to be for race equality and to call out racism when they witness it as well as take action to prevent it occurring in the first place.  Standing up to racism cannot stop at the exit from the office, it must continue on the journey home, in social circles, in neighbourhoods. 


When we are silent in the face of racism, it empowers those who hold racist views to express them and it allows racism to grow – challenging racism in all its forms is crucial and that must include recognising your own privilege and speaking out and taking action - not just when there are huge injustices that are in the public domain such as the horrendous brutal murder of George Floyd in the USA and many others before him globally including  Sean Rigg in the UK but addressing every day racism and micro aggressions which black people encounter in their daily lives and systemic discrimination throughout institutions which lead to deaths also, such as the tragic  case of  Sarah Reed.




left: Marica Rigg , campaigner for justice and sister of Sean Rigg with Zita Holbourne, Chair of BARAC UK


Right now the Coronavirus pandemic is impacting disproportionately on black and minority ethnic workers and communities, black people are over 4 times more likely to die from coronavirus than white people in the UK  and many of those who have died were workers on the frontline, keeping essential services running in the health, care , public transport and facilities management sectors amongst others. We know that black workers often work with worse terms and conditions in two tier workforces and / or in frontline jobs. Many of these workers conduct thankless tasks every day, deemed to be inferior by other workers and the public and face racist abuse and harassment and bullying in addition.  We cannot forget when we speak of deaths of black people about the death this year of Belly Mujinga, a black woman and  transport sector worker who was spat at alongside another black colleague by a man who stated that he had coronavirus.  Belly and her colleague both got coronavirus and Belly sadly died.  As with many deaths of black people in horrendous circumstances such as these, Belly’s family along with her trade union the TSSA, have had to launch a campaign to raise awareness and in order to seek justice.  Following an investigation,  it has been stated that no further action will be taken against the man who spat at them and that it is not a criminal matter, because he tested negative for coronavirus at a date after he spat at them.  This does not prove that he did not have coronavirus at the time and we know that test results currently cannot be entirely relied upon for accuracy which is confirmed by the medical profession,  the fact that he spat at them in the course of them carrying out their jobs is abuse and if he believed he had coronavirus then he intentionally set out to spread the virus and to potentially kill them. In comparison when a police officer was spat at, the perpetrator was jailed for 12 months.



BARAC believes that given black people are dying disproportionately, employers should be treating them as being in the high-risk category and taking series steps to prevent further deaths of all workers due to coronavirus.  This means that thorough risk assessments, equality impact assessments and individual assessments must be carried out for all workers including black  / BAME workers which consider not just the impact on the individual but on the people they live with and care for, the public transport workers if they use public transport to get the work and the facilities workers who are disproportionately black and which include cleaners and security guards at their workplaces and that if full safety and protection including PPE cannot be guaranteed then employers must take the threat to lives seriously and consider other duties, working from home (or continuing to for a longer period if they are already), or not being required to work with no detriment to pay, terms and conditions and rights.  Trade Unions have a key role to play in negotiating these protections and we strongly encourage black workers to join a trade union if they have not already done so.

BARAC UK was initially established to campaign on the disproportionate impact of cuts and austerity on black workers, service users and communities but hand in hand with those impacts came deepening racism and injustice faced by black communities so our remit soon broadened to include campaigning on the wider range of concerns and linked issues.  We also played a central role in campaigns for migrant rights and against Windrush injustice – warning of this long before the Windrush Scandal was described as such. As part of our commitment to practical solidarity, for the past seven years we have coordinated regular humanitarian aid and solidarity missions to our sisters and brothers who are displaced due to climate change, poverty, persecution and conflict.  https://www.gofundme.com/f/BARACHumanitarian.

As a result of the coronavirus pandemic we have been unable to distribute aid and the charities we work with on the ground have had to stop also in order to prevent risk of spreading the virus to those who are refugees and those who volunteer and due to borders closing.



makeshift school for refugee children in Calais



It is essential that in the midst of the Coronavirus crisis and the economic one to follow, that we do not allow the Windrush Scandal and it’s impacts to be buried. The vast majority impacted have received no compensation, the government is continuing with actions including legislation, to further its  'hostile environment ' agenda, at a time that migrant and BAME workers are keeping essential Services running across the UK. Many members of the Windrush generation  before them were directly recruited from the Caribbean to work in the NHS and on public transport.  Right now there are hundreds of women and men, who were legally allowed to work in the UK and when they lost their jobs due to the coronavirus pandemic  have no recourse to public funds due to their immigration status despite having paid their taxes for years. Many of those impacted have children - some of whom are born in Britain and are destitute and without food or funds for essentials, dependent on local community group charity donations just to survive.

These are just some examples of areas where large businesses, if they are serious about giving something back to communities who are impacted globally by racism and injustice, could direct their funds and resources.


Banner Drop on National Windrush Day, June 2019



Every year we join the United Family and Friends campaign annual march against deaths in custody in the UK but all of the institutions and businesses now declaring their commitment to “black lives matter” are absent from such campaigns and actions. We hope to see those based in or with a branch in the UK putting their symbolic solidarity into practical action by joining each year going forward and demonstrating visibility in their commitment to challenging racial profiling.

We welcome and encourage all to speak out against racism, but we object to the discourse on racism and injustice faced by black communities by those with lived experience being side-lined by others, suggesting that their own voices are more important.  Many black people have been speaking out about these issues for their whole lives, often met with disregard at best and abuse at worse.  Therefore if businesses and institutions want to engage with the issues,  a way of doing this could be to invite guest blogs, hosting of virtual events and talks by black activists, campaigners, writers, artists etc  as a way of engaging their customers and staff  in a meaningful way beyond symbolism.



Press conference hosted by BARAC UK for the family of Trayvon Martin


We are living through a collective trauma due to the pandemic, racist murders, police brutality, institutional racism and every day racism and the pouring of outrage at the death of yet another unarmed black man at the hands of the police is understandable and needed. Because of the disproportionate numbers of black people dying from coronavirus, although we fully understand why people are attending protests, we are worried about the impact of coronavirus,  where social distancing is not being practiced, either to get to protests and whilst at them and we have taken the decision not to organise or participate in physical mass protest action during the pandemic, particularly as there are concerns about a second wave. We will be protesting and engaging in other ways, virtually and behind the scenes through engagements with others and creative avenues. The unusual response by institutions and businesses to want to demonstrate solidarity should be harnessed and transferred to long term commitment towards race equality going forward, if they are  genuine, in our view.





Our love and solidarity to all living through and standing up to racism in all its forms. 

Zita Holbourne, National Chair

On behalf of BARAC UK 







Monday, 4 May 2020

Zoom Forum on the Windrush Scandal, Two Years On, Thursday 7th of May, 6.30 to 8pm






Join BAME Lawyers 4 Justice on Thursday 7th of May 6.30pm to 8.00pm  to discuss the ongoing impacts of the Windrush Scandal amidst the Coronavirus Crisis and  how we respond to that. This event is the first of a series of online forums we will host. On the day click on either of the links below to join the online event.  

Speakers include National Chair of BARAC UK, Zita Holbourne 



Here is the YouTube link https://youtu.be/QinhIr5H2Ig

                                     Here is the Facebook link https://bit.ly/2WiwcSu






Coronavirus and its impact on Black communities

This article written by Chair of BARAC UK Zita Holbourne was a guest post written originally for RS21 and published here:


Coronavirus and its impact on Black communities

In the rising coronavirus death toll, black and brown people in the UK are represented in disproportionate numbers, due to not only discrimination and poverty, but because they make up a sizeable amount of the frontline workforce working without adequate PPE, argues Zita Holbourne.

Black and minority ethnic workers and communities are disproportionately adversely impacted by coronavirus in multiple ways with the most devastating, sudden and harshest impact being the high and disproportionate number of people dying from the virus, especially those who are key workers, with a particular impact on those who work in the health sector and in transport. 
These are the workers on the frontline, delivering essential public services including caring for and treating those with coronavirus who have disgracefully been failed by the government who have not protected them and failed to provide personal protective equipment, effectively being sent to die with no care for their lives. 
Black communities have historically and right up to the present day faced race discrimination at work and in the labour market, meaning they are in frontline jobs, often working precariously, bearing the brunt of ten years of austerity and cuts to the public and voluntary sectors, pay freezes, zero-hours contracts and discrimination in promotion and progression. They are the same people who experienced the horrendous Windrush scandal – some of whom are still experiencing destitution and homelessness and with the majority impacted still not receiving compensation, they are from migrant communities who have been demonized, labelled and scapegoated through a decade of austerity and who have and continue to face not just discrimination and racist abuse at work but in wider society. Black and migrant communities have for decades been crucial in keeping public and voluntary sector services running. 
Other impacts are the increase in racist attacks and abuse. Chinese people and communities and those perceived by racists to be Chinese who are not, have been subjected to horrific abuse, including hate mail sent to Chinese restaurants and takeaways and physical attacks leading to people having to be hospitalised. 
There have been reports of key workers, even while they keep essential services running and are caring for those who are ill, facing abuse and told they want a white nurse or carer. 
I think that any moves by the government to end lockdown before it is safe to do so will impact adversely on even more black workers and must be resisted. 
There is now an inquiry underway to look into the reasons for BAME people dying disproportionately but there is little faith amongst black communities in the person originally appointed to lead this inquiry and an array of formal letters issued by BAME and health representatives calling for this to be changed including one by 100 black women and one representing thousands of BAME people. There has been speculation that the reasons for black and other minority ethnic people dying disproportionately is due to underlying health conditions that impact on our communities and whilst this may be a factor the key reasons are linked to racism and poverty, where we live, how we are treated in the workplace and the labour market and now the complete disregard for our lives in failing to provide protection and safety.
I know of one family where two members of the same family, key workers in different sectors died a day apart from each other. The trauma and pain for families who have lost more than one loved one, will have lasting impacts – mentally, physically, spiritually and economically and whilst the government have announced a payment to families who have lost loved ones, this cannot bring back lives – the priority should be on keeping everybody safe and reducing all the risks of getting coronavirus – lives cannot be replaced by cash.
We have had so many inquiries and reports into race discrimination in the UK and what we don’t need is another inquiry for the sake of an inquiry without action to address the causes and reasons – but this is an urgent situation that cannot wait for the outcome of an inquiry – an inquiry cannot be an excuse to do nothing in the meantime. The government should be carrying out equality impact assessments on all key work and carrying out ethnicity monitoring on those doing key work, those who get the virus and those who die from the virus by sector and work area. Official figures broken down by ethnicity is not there for all areas, but we sadly see it for ourselves as the photos alongside heart-breaking tributes to those who have died are published by the media and shared on our social media.
Whilst responding to the coronavirus pandemic is clearly a priority, we must not forget about the other injustices faced by black and migrant communities here in the UK and globally.
For the past 7 years, I have organised regular aid and solidarity missions to people who are refugees in Northern France in addition to being part of a European Trade Union group who have monitored and responded to the impacts on refugees and migrants coming to Europe, visiting refugee centres in Melilla and Palermo. Due to the coronavirus, for the safety of people who are refugees and volunteers and closed borders, some of the charities on the ground we work with have had to stop the support work they do as have we and this has left already vulnerable traumatised, predominantly young people at risk and without basic sanitation, food and water, let alone shelter, people who are displaced due to climate change, conflict, poverty and persecution and who have in recent years been labelled and demonised as coming to steal jobs and strip resources. Yet it is a large proportion of migrant and black workers who the UK are depending upon right now to keep essential services running. The government have already indicated that when we are through the coronavirus crisis, they will continue with their hostile environment policies. 
This will coincide with an economic crisis which will also have disproportionate adverse equality impacts as the last decade long one did but with potential impacts we have never experienced before with whole sectors that black and migrant workers are concentrated in impacted in a major way by the coronavirus crisis and the necessary lockdown that has come with it.
However, whilst the response by the government in ensuring safety and reducing the spread of the virus is essential, I do not agree that there is no individual responsibility required. This week we have seen people travelling to hold protests outside the workplaces of key workers. Whilst some may have walked to these demos, others may have taken public transport, putting predominantly BAME public sector workers at risk at a time when those workers have expressed over recent weeks their fears about going to work. I know from family and friends who are key workers that they worry about using shared facilities such as toilets, cannot access food or drink during the working day and have to put their own measures in place to protect themselves and have to do all they can do be socially distanced from their colleagues. Meanwhile, there are people outside their workplaces, not practising social distancing, not considering the safety of workers who have no choice but to be there, blocking pathways and posing for photos with smiles on their faces. Yes, we should protest and campaign for their rights but we need to do this in different ways to what we may be used to and with respect for the safety of everyone else, as well as in coordination with the workers in these workplaces.
In the midst of the coronavirus crisis the Windrush Lessons Learned report was published with a range of recommendations and the two year anniversary of the Windrush scandal came whilst more than one thousand applicants to the Windrush Compensation scheme, some waiting for over one year, have not even had their cases considered by the government. 
Black nurses, transport workers and other public sector workers who came to the UK as part of the Windrush generation faced the most horrific racism yet dedicated their lives to helping others and to public service and now face destitution, injustice and poverty because of the way they were discriminated against due to racist immigration policies and laws and it is black and migrant workers who are keeping essential services running now – some of them the children and grandchildren of the Windrush generation who have also experienced the impacts of the hostile environment in their lives. We must hold the government to account for failing them yet again.
Black Lives Matter.

Zita Holbourne is the Chair of BARAC UK, a founding member of BAME Lawyers for Justice, a trade unionist, human rights campaigner, author, visual artist and poet.

Zita Holbourne. Photo copyright Elizabeth Dalziel photographer, courtesy of Women Activists of East London exhibition.


People's Assembly National Rally co-hosted by BARAC UK and others , Thursday 7th May 6.30 to 8pm



BARAC UK is a co-host of this event on Thursday  6.30 to 8pm
Facebook event: https://www.facebook.com/events/234254484316736/

Covid-19 and vaccines: Concrete actions needed for global pledges to result in access for all

BARAC UK have signed this statement on equal access to vaccines for Covid-19


Concrete actions needed for global pledges to result in access for all
4th May 2020
We welcome the efforts of the global health actors and other stakeholders to rally financial support to the research and development (R&D), manufacturing and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics through the May 4th global pledging conference.
We are also pleased that the EU joined WHO and global health organisations’ call for action to accelerate the development, availability, and equitable access to safe, quality, effective and affordable diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines against coronavirus.
As organisations and individuals in the health sector defending  the public interest, we would like to underline the vital importance of the commitments in the call for action. We would also like to share recommendations to increase the accountability and public ownership of this pledging initiative and subsequent activities.
A global pandemic needs an accountable global coordination mechanism
Pandemics have no borders and only a coordinated global response can mitigate the consequences of the current crisis.
Without global coordination and agreement, including on the areas of investments and practices for R&D, useful and needed resources and time will be wasted. It is also important that all initiatives supported with public funding in the context of COVID-19 have a global mandate.
We invite the EU and all the other donors and  partners to the pledging conference to set up a transparent and inclusive governance structure to decide on priorities, monitor progress, evaluate and report on the results of the pledges and further investments. A robust accountability mechanism should also be put in place to ensure that commitments are translated into actions. The meaningful involvement of civil society organisations should be ensured in all governance structures.
An ambitious goal requires a detailed plan and strong access and affordability clauses
As world leaders expressed their support for the WHO ACT accelerator and heightened expectations of global equitable access, many barriers remain to be addressed: safe and effective tools need to be developed and tested; manufacturing need to be transformed to meet global demand; supply and distribution need to be organized accordingly; and pricing arrangements need to be negotiated to ensure the tools are indeed affordable to all. Pre-COVID-19 experience has shown that each of these barriers can hinder access to life saving medical tools and It is essential to address them early on.
The pledging conference can provide the financial means to overcome some barriers. A plan detailing how each of these barriers will be addressed is needed. This plan should comprise a shared definition of what global equitable access, affordability and availability mean and detailed conditions under which partners are expected to contribute to fulfilling these ambitions in return for funding. As the pledging conference aims to raise funding from across the world to address the needs of all, this information should be publicly available.
Funding pledged to support COVID-19 R&D should include coherent legally binding arrangements with private and public partners to ensure that health technologies are priced fairly and affordably to healthcare payers and are free to the public at the point of care in all countries.
To complement those efforts, any COVID-19 treatment, diagnostic and vaccine developed with public funding through the 4th May pledges and afterwards should be conditional on mandatory inclusion to a global technology pool. A proposal for the creation of a voluntary pool has been submitted to the WHO by the government of Costa Rica. This proposal should be further developed, expanded and implemented in an effort to “pool rights to technologies that are useful for the detection, prevention, control and treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic”.
We hope our suggestions will be taken onboard and we are at your disposal for further exchanges on those issues.
This statement was coordinated by the European Alliance for Responsible R&D and Affordable Medicines.
Contact – Viviana Galli – viviana@medicinesalliance.eu
Supporting organisations
  1. AAJM – Association for Fair Access to Medicine, Spain
  2. Access to Medicines Ireland
  3. AJF – Africa Japan Forum
  4. ARAS – Romanian Association Against AIDS
  5. Association “Novi put”, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  6. Association des Femmes de l’Europe Méridionale – AFEM
  7. Aurora Universities Network, The Netherlands
  8. Austrian Institute for Health Technology Assessment (AIHTA), Austria
  9. BEUC – The European Consumer Organisation
  10. Black Activists Rising Against Cuts – BARAC, UK
  11. Chronic Illness Advocacy & Awareness Group, USA/Global
  12. Commons Network, The Netherlands
  13. Corporate Europe Observatory – CEO
  14. Ecologistas en Acción, Spain
  15. EKPIZO, Greece
  16. European Alliance for Responsible R&D and Affordable Medicines
  17. European Public Health Alliance – EPHA
  18. European Public Services Union – EPSU
  19. Fondation Eboko, France
  20. Fondation Joseph The Worker/Structure Lazarienne, Bénin
  21. Foundation for Integrative AIDS Research – FIAR, USA
  22. France Assos Santé, France
  23. Fundación IFARMA, Colombia
  24. Fundación Mexicana para la Planeación Familiar, Mexico
  25. Global Health Advocates
  26. Global Justice Now, UK
  27. Health Global Access Project
  28. Health Poverty Action
  29. Heart to Heart Foundation, Thailand
  30. Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences, India
  31. Instituto para el Desarrollo Humano, Bolivia
  32. IT for Change, India
  33. ITPC-LATCA
  34. KEI Europe
  35. La Ligue contre le Cancer, France
  36. Mecanismo social de de control y apoyo en VIH – MSCAV, Colombia
  37. Médecins du Monde France
  38. Medicines, Information and Power, Colombia
  39. MSF Access Campaign
  40. OCU – Organización de Consumidores y Usuarios, Spain
  41. People’s Health Movement, Kenya
  42. Pharmaceutical Accountability Foundation, the Netherlands
  43. Prescrire, France
  44. Public Eye, Switzerland
  45. Society of Development and Care – SODECA
  46. SOMO Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations
  47. STOPAIDS, UK
  48. Students for Global Health (SfGH-UK), UK
  49. Sukaar welfare organization, Pakistan
  50. T1 International
  51. Test Aankoop/Test Achats, Belgium
  52. Transnational Institute, The Netherlands
  53. Transparency International Health Initiative
  54. Treatment Action Group, USA
  55. Tunisian association of Positive Prevention – ATP+
  56. UFC-Que Choisir, France
  57. Universities Allied for Essential Medicines, UAEM
  58. Wemos Foundation, The Netherlands
  59. Yolse, Santé Publique et Innovation, Switzerland
Supporting individuals
Ellen ‘t Hoen, LLM, PhD, Medicines Law & Policy and Global Health Unit, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
Brook K. Baker, Professor, Northeastern U. School of Law, Boston, USA
Dr. Claudia Marcela Vargas, Fundación IFARMA, Colombia
Graham Dutfield, Professor of International Governance, University of Leeds, UK
Oswaldo Adolfo Rada – Senderos A.M., Colombia
Dr J Kay Richmond FFPH, FRCGP, Cardiff, UK
Professor Yousuf Vawda, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa